Dead Men Walking??? Hmmmnn...
From a podiatry and lower limb biomechanics point of view, there is intense interest in the functioning of athletic footwear and orthotic devices. Podiatry in particular is being forced to make some pretty rapid adjustments to old paradigms that clearly are not holding up to scientific scrutiny.
So what is going on in the wonderful world of feet, lower limbs and human movement?
Read articleGadzooks! It seems that running shoes might actually do something afterall.. read on..
Research update December 2014. In this update I take a look at 5 papers all directly examining exactly what running footwear does.. or does not, do to active people
The effects of footwear on 3-Dimensional tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion during running.
Read articleOrthoses don't work!!
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2. Redmond A, Lumb PS, Landorf K: Effect of cast and noncast foot orthoses on plantar pressure and force during normal gait. JAPMA, 90:441-449, 2000.
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8. Moraros J, Hodge W: Orthotic survey: Preliminary results. JAPMA, 83:139-148, 1993.
9. Gross MT et al: The impact of custom semi-rigid foot orthotics on pain and disability for individuals with plantar fasciitis. J Ortho Sp Phys Ther, 32:149-157, 2002
10. Walter JH, Ng G, Stoitz JJ: A patient satisfaction survey on prescription custom-molded foot orthoses. JAPMA, 94:363-367, 2004.
11. Eggold JF: Orthotics in the prevention of runner’s overuse injuries. Phys. Sports Med., 9:181-185, 1981.
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15. Kusumoto A, Suzuki T, Yoshida H, Kwon J: Intervention study to improve quality of life and health problems of community-living elderly women in Japan by shoe fitting and custom-made insoles. Gerontology, 53:348-356, 2007.
16. Smith LS, Clark TE, et al: The effects of soft and semi-rigid orthoses upon foot eversion in running. JAPMA, 76:227-233, 1986.
17. Novick A, Kelley DL: Position and movement changes of the foot with orthotic intervention during loading response of gait. J. Sports Phys. Ther., 11:301-311, 1990.
18. Baitch SP, Blake RL, et al: Biomechanical analysis of running with 25 degree inverted orthotic devices. JAPMA, 81:647-652, 1991.
19. Eng JJ, Pierrynowski MR: The effect of foot orthotics on three-dimensional lower-limb kinematics during walking and running. Phys. Ther., 74:836-844, 1994.
20. Nawoczenski DA, Cook TM, Saltzman CL: The effect of foot orthotics on three-dimensional kinematics of the leg and rearfoot during running. J. Sports Phys. Ther., 21:317-327, 1995.
21. Stacoff A, Reinschmidt C, Nigg BM, et al: Effects of foot orthoses on skeletal motion during running. Clin. Biomech. 15:54-56, 2000.
22. Bates BT, Osternig LR, Mason B, James LS: Foot orthotic devices to modify selected aspects of lower extremity mechanics. Am J Sp Med, 7:328-31, 1979.
23. Smith LS, Clarke TE, Hamill CL, Santopietro F: The effects of soft and semi-rigid orthoses upon rearfoot movement in running. JAPMA, 76:227-232, 1986.
24. Johanson MA, Donatelli R, Wooden MJ, Andrew PD, Cummings GS: Effects of three different posting methods on controlling abnormal subtalar pronation. Phys Ther, 74:149-158, 1994.
25. Nester CJ, Hutchins S, Bowker P: Effect of foot orthoses on rearfoot complex kinematics during walking gait. Foot Ankle Intl, 22:133-139, 2001.
26. Nester CJ, Van Der Linden ML, Bowker P: Effect of foot orthoses on the kinematics and kinetics of normal walking gait. Gait Posture, 17:180-187, 2003.
27. MacLean C, Davis IM, Hamill J: Influence of a custom foot intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Clin Biomech, 21:621-630, 2006.
28. Fong DTP, Lam MH, Lao MLM, et al: Effect of medial arch-heel support in inserts on reducing ankle eversion: a biomechanical study. J Ortho Surg Res, 3:7-13, 2008.
29. MacLean CL, Davis IS, Hamill J: Short and long-term influences of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics. Clin J Sport Med, 18:338-343, 2008
30. Smith LS, Clarke TE, Hamill CL, Santopietro F: The effects of soft and semi-rigid orthoses upon rearfoot movement in running. JAPMA, 76:227-232, 1986.
31. Nester CJ, Hutchins S, Bowker P: Effect of foot orthoses on rearfoot complex kinematics during walking gait. Foot Ankle Intl, 22:133-139, 2001.
32. Nester CJ, Van Der Linden ML, Bowker P: Effect of foot orthoses on the kinematics and kinetics of normal walking gait. Gait Posture, 17:180-187, 2003.
33. MacLean C, Davis IM, Hamill J: Influence of a custom foot intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Clin Biomech, 21:621-630, 2006.
34. MacLean CL, Davis IS, Hamill J: Short- and long-term influences of a custom foot intervention on lower extremity dynamics. Clin J Sport Med, 18:338-343, 2008.
35. Nawoczenski DA, Cook TM, Saltzman CL: The effect of foot orthotics on three-dimensional kinematics of the leg and rearfoot during running. J Ortho Sp Phys Ther, 21:317-327, 1995.
36. Williams DS, McClay-Davis I, Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower extremity mechanics in runners. Med. Sci. Sp Ex. 35:2060-2068, 2003.
37. Woodburn J, Helliwell PS, Barker S: Changes in 3D joint kinematics support the continuous use of orthoses in the management of painful rearfoot deformity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheum, 30:2356-2364, 2003.
38. Williams DS, McClay-Davis I, Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower extremity mechanics in runners. Med. Sci. Sp Ex. 35:2060-2068, 2003.
39. Stackhouse CL, Davis IM, Hamill J: Orthotic intervention in forefoot and rearfoot strike running patterns. Clin Biomech, 19:64-70, 2004.
40. MacLean CL, Davis IS, Hamill J: Short and long-term influences of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics. Clin J Sport Med, 18:338-343, 2008.
41. Mundermann A, Nigg BM, Humble RN, Stefanyshyn DJ. Foot orthoses affect lower extremity kinematics and
42. kinetics during running. Clin Biomech, 18:254-262, 2003a.
43. Williams DS, McClay-Davis I, Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower extremity mechanics in runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35:2060-2068, 2003.
44. MacLean C, Davis IM, Hamill J: Influence of a custom foot intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Clin Biomech, 21:621-630, 2006.
45. MacLean CL, Davis IS, Hamill J: Short and long-term influences of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics. Clin J Sport Med, 18:338-343, 2008.
46. Mundermann A, Nigg BM, Humble RN, Stefanyshyn DJ. Foot orthoses affect lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during running. Clin Biomech, 18:254-262, 2003a
47. Nigg BM, Stergiou P, Cole G, et al: Effect of shoe inserts on kinematics, center of pressure, and leg joint moments during running. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc., 35:314-319, 2003.
48. Williams DS, McClay-Davis I, Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower extremity mechanics in runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35:2060-2068, 2003
49. Williams DS, McClay-Davis I., Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower extremity mechanics in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35:2060-2068, 2003.
50. Franklyn-Miller A, Wilson C, Bilzon J, McCrory P: Foot orthoses in the prevention of injury in initial military training. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med, 39:30-37, 2011.
51. Collins N, Crossley K et al: Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial. Br J Sports Med 43:169-171, 2009.
52. Barton CJ, Menz HB, Crossley KM: The immediate effects of foot orthoses on functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Br J Sports Med, 45:193-197, 2011.
53. Mills K et al: A randomised control trial of short term efficacy of in-shoe foot orthoses compared with a wait and see policy for anterior knee pain and the role of foot mobility. Br J Sports Med, 46:247-252, 2011.
54. Postema K, Burm PE, Zande ME, Limbeek J: Primary metatarsalgia: the influence of a custom moulded insole and a rockerbar on plantar pressure. Pros Orth Int, 22:35-44, 1998.
55. Burns J, Crosbie J, Ouvrier R, Hunt A: Effective orthotic therapy for the painful cavus foot. JAPMA, 96:205-211, 2006.
56. Hodge MC, Bach TM, Carter GM: Orthotic management of plantar pressure ad pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biom, 14:567-575, 1999.
57. Li CY, et al: Biomechanical evaluation of foot pressure and loading force during gait in RA patients with and without foot orthoses. Kurume Med J, 47:211-217, 2000.
58. Scherer PR, Sanders J, Eldredge DE, Duffy SJ, Lee RY: Effect of functional foot orthoses on first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion in stance and gait. JAPMA, 96:474-281, 2006.
59. Lobmann R, et al: Effects of preventative footwear on foot pressure as determined by pedobarography in diabetic patients: a prospective study. Diabet Med, 18:314-319, 2001.
60. Duffin AC, Kidd R, Chan A, Donaghue KC: High plantar pressure and callus in diabetic adolescents. Incidence and treatment. JAPMA, 93:214-220, 2003.
61. Raspovic A, et al: Effect of customized insoles on vertical plantar pressures in sites of previous neuropathic ulceration in the diabetic foot. Foot, 10:133-138, 2000.
62. Finestone A, Giladi M, Elad H, et al: Prevention of stress fractures using custom biomechanical shoe orthoses. Clin Orth Rel Research, 360:182-190, 1999.
63. Simkin A, Leichter I, Giladi M, et al: Combined effect of foot arch structure and an orthotic device on stress fractures. Foot Ankle, 10:25-29, 1989.
64. Powell M, Seid M, Szer IA: Efficacy of custom foot orthotics in improving pain and functional status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A randomized trial. J Rheum, 32:943-950, 2005.
65. Coda A, Fowlie PW et al: Foot orthoses in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child. Mar 17, 2014. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305166.
66. Slattery M, Tinley P: The efficacy of functional foot orthoses in the control of pain and ankle joint disintegration in hemophilia. JAPMA, 91:240- 244, 2001.
67. Rubin R, Menz HB: Use of laterally wedged custom foot orthoses to reduce pain associated with medial knee osteoarthritis: A prelim. investigation. JAPMA, 95:347-352, 2005.
68. Pham T, et al: Laterally elevated wedged insoles in the treatment of medial knee OA: a two-year prospective randomized controlled study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12: 46-55, 2004.
69. De Morais BC et al: The effect of foot orthoses on balance, foot pain and disability in elderly women with osteoporosis: a randomized clinical trial. Rheum, 52(3):515-22, 2013.
70. Gross MT, Mercer VS, Lin FC: Effects of foot orthoses on balance in older adults. J Ortho Sports Phys Ther, 42(7):649-657, 2012.
71. Guskiewicz KM, Perrin DH: Effects of orthotics on postural sway following inversion ankle sprain. J Orthop Sp Phys Ther, 23:326-331, 1996
72. Hertel J, Denegar CR, et al: Effect of rearfoot orthotics on postural control in healthy subjects. J Sport Rehabil, 10:36-47, 2001.
73. Rome K, Brown CL: Randomized clinical trial into the impact of orthoses on balance parameters in excessively pronated feet. Clin Rehab, 18:624-630, 2004.
74. Nawoczenski DA, Ludewig PM: Electromyographic effects of foot orthotics on selected lower extremity muscles during running. Arch Phys Med Rehab, 80:540-544, 1999.
75. Tomaro J, Burdett RG: The effects of foot orthotics on the EMG activity of selected leg muscles during gait. J Ortho Sp Phys Ther, 18:532-536, 1993.
76. Mundermann A, Wakeling JM, Nigg BM, Humble RN, Stefanyshyn DJ: Foot orthoses affect frequency components of muscle activity in the lower extremity. Gait Posture, 23:295-302, 2006.
77. Ferber,R. Benson, B. Changes in multi-segment foot biomechanics with a heat-mouldable semi-custom foot orthotic device. J Foot Ankle Res. 2011; 4: 18.
78. Munteneau. S, et al, Efficacy of customised foot orthoses in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy: study protocol for a randomised trial. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009; 2: 27
Read article
What causes running injuries..??
Well.. how's that for a banner headline?.. the mythical question, the Holy Grail, the eternal conundrum
Very recently Physio Tom Goom posted on this topic on his excellent website, and he said a couple of things that made me sit up and pay attention.
Read articleInjecting the plantar fascia..a game of Russian Roulette?
Many times I have had this conversation with some of my friends endowed with a penchant for sticking needles into their poor unsuspecting patients. Many times I have said I do not see the justification...
...and I have always been a little concerned at the anecdotal nature of the results reported. I often muse about the potential downside of injecting the plantar fascia with corticosteroid, not the least of which is plantar fascial rupture.
Read articleThe Rolling Stones and heel pain
BB member and massage therapist extraordinnaire Cindy has gratuitously mocked me for not being able to see the 'Stones on Saturday night. Because I am a consummate professional, I shall however still respond to her question as follows..
"Dear Mr Bartold,
I understand that plantar heel pain is no longer considered an inflammatory condition.
Can you please explain the mechanics of how plantar fasciitis is described as having neurological pathology....how does or is the neurology inhibited?
Read articleDo we really behave like a gigantic spring during running sports?
We are increasingly hearing terms like lower limb stiffness and 'spring mass model' in the discussion of running, and especially injury. But how realistic, and accurate, is it to assume the human body, and in particular the lower leg, simply acts like a great big spring?
Given that by far the majority of lower leg mass consists of material that is essentailly non elastic, I thought it might be timely to explain the concept of lower limb stiffness, and the concept of the spring mass theory.
Read articleAsk yourself this..can a shoe, and just a shoe, make you run faster?
One newcomer to the overcrowded running shoe market, Airia One claims exactly this.. that by just wearing their product, you WILL run faster.
Now this is a premise a crusty old cynic like me just can't avoid, and so today, we take a look at this shoe, and this concept, and investigate if indeed, this shoe will drop your PB.. and.. why!!
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